Foundation Directory
This alphabetical listing provides the names, locations and year of establishment for the 1,869 community foundations that have been identified to date. Use the filters to see the names of all the foundations in a geographic region or country of particular interest. Click on the column headlines to sort results, and click on the organization’s name to see its profile page.
Search / Filter1–150 of 158
Organization | Mission |
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Organization | Mission |
Bad Westernkotten Bürgerstiftung | To support elder care, arts and culture, traditional customs, environmental preservation and nature conservation |
Bielefelder Bürgerstiftung | To support elder care, public health, education and training, arts and culture, science and research |
Borkum-Stiftung | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, a democratic political system and historic preservation to make life in Borkum more attractive and safe |
Bottroper Bürgerstiftung | To support elder care, public health, education and training, student assistance, a democratic political system, historic preservation and maintenance, development cooperation, religion, arts and culture, sports, animal welfare, the environment,... |
Bürgerstiftung Achim | To support elder care, public health, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation and care, arts and culture, the environment and conservation |
Bürgerstiftung Algermissen | To support elder care, public health, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation and maintenance, religion, arts and culture, sports, traditional customs, environmental protection and conservation, international understanding, science and... |
Bürgerstiftung Ascheberg | To promote education, arts and culture, sports, health care, nature conservation, environmental protection, youth work, care of the elderly, local history and historic preservation |
Bürgerstiftung Augsburg | To support elder care, public health, education and training, student assistance, arts and culture, sports, the environment, conservation, land management, international understanding, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Bad Dürrheim | To promote the general welfare in the areas of education, the arts, conservation, youth and the elderly |
Bürgerstiftung Bad Ems | To promote volunteer work and initiate community projects and initiatives in city history, science and research, education, sports, arts and culture, international understanding, environmental, animal and nature protection, land management... |
Bürgerstiftung Baden-Baden | To support elder care, education and training, public welfare, arts and culture, sports, environment, conservation, land management, international understanding, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Barnim Uckermark | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, environment, nature and land conservation, and international understanding |
Bürgerstiftung Bernkastel-Kues | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, traditional customs, environment, nature conservation, land management, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Blankenhain | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, sports, animal welfare, traditional customs, environment and nature conservation, land management, international understanding, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Böblingen | To support elder care, education and training, arts and culture, sports, environment, conservation, land management, international understanding, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Bockenem/Ambergau | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, sports and welfare |
Bürgerstiftung Bräunlingen | To support services for needy citizens, youth and the elderly |
Bürgerstiftung Bremen | To support elder care, public health, education and training, student assistance, civic engagement, a democratic political system, historic preservation, arts and culture, sports, crime victim assistance, environment, nature conservation, land... |
Bürgerstiftung Breuberg | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, environment, nature and land conservation, and international understanding |
Bürgerstiftung Büren | To create a vibrant community by focusing on education, international understanding, arts and culture, science, research, youth services, elder care, environment and nature preservation |
Bürgerstiftung Coesfeld | To support elder care, public health, education and training, student assistance, a democratic political system, historic preservation, arts and culture, sports, traditional customs, environment, nature conservation, land management, international understanding,... |
Bürgerstiftung der Region Achern | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, sports, animal welfare, environment, nature and land conservation, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung der Stadt Dannenberg und Umgebung | To support elder care, public health, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, sports, environment, and nature and land conservation |
Bürgerstiftung Detmold | To support elder care, public health, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, sports, traditional customs, environment, nature conservation, land management, international understanding, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Ditzingen | To support care of the elderly and the disabled, public health, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, sports, environment, nature and land conservation, and international understanding |
Bürgerstiftung Donaueschingen | To support elder care, public health, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, medicine, sports, environment, nature and land conservation, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Dresden | To support elder care, public health, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, environment, conservation and land management |
Bürgerstiftung Dülmen | To support elder care, public welfare, education and training, arts and culture, international understanding, science, research and other charitable endeavors |
Bürgerstiftung Düsseldorf | To support elder care, public health, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, sports, environment, nature and land conservation, international understanding, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Eberbach | To support elder care, public health, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, environment, conservation, land management, international understanding, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Eitorf-Stiftung | To support elder care, public health, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, sports, traditional customs, environment, nature and land conservation, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Eppstein | To support elder care, public health and welfare, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, sports, traditional customs, environment, and nature and land conservation |
BürgerStiftung Erfurt | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, environment, nature and land conservation, and international understanding |
Bürgerstiftung Erlangen | To improve the conditions of the city by providing support for children, youth and the elderly in education, health care and other matters |
Bürgerstiftung Fellbach | To support elder care, public health, education and training, student assistance,a democratic political system, historic preservation, arts and culture, sports, traditional customs, environment, and nature and land conservation |
Bürgerstiftung Filderstadt | To support elder care, public health, education and training, student assistance, a democratic political system, historic preservation, arts and culture, environment, conservation and land management, international understanding, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Förderturm Bönen | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, a democratic political system, historic preservation, arts and culture, sports, traditional customs and international understanding |
Bürgerstiftung für die Region Rathenow | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, religion, crime prevention, arts and culture, sports, animal welfare, environment, land conservation, consumer advice organizations, international understanding, science and... |
Bürgerstiftung für Haan und Gruiten | To support elder care, public health, education and training, student assistance, civic engagement, a democratic political system, historic preservation, arts and culture, religion, sports, animal welfare, traditional customs, environment, nature... |
Bürgerstiftung für Münster | To support elder care, public health and welfare, education and training, student assistance, a democratic political system, historic preservation, arts and culture, animal welfare, traditional customs, environment, nature and land... |
Bürgerstiftung Gütersloh | To support elder care, public health and welfare, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, sports, environment protection, nature and land conservation, international understanding, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Halle | To support elderly care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, the environment, and nature and land conservation |
Bürgerstiftung Hanstedt | To work for the benefit of young families, support the elderly and disabled, and preserve our local village |
Bürgerstiftung Heidelberg | To support elder care, public health and welfare, education and training, student assistance, a democratic political system, historic preservation, arts and culture, sports, environment, nature and land conservation, international understanding,... |
Bürgerstiftung Herdecke | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, developmental cooperation, arts and culture, sports, environment, nature and land conservation, and international understanding |
Bürgerstiftung Herrenberg | To support elder care, public health, education and training, student assistance, civic engagement, historic preservation, arts and culture, sports, environment, nature and land conservation, international understanding, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Hildesheim | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, crime prevention, arts and culture, environment, nature and land conservation, and welfare |
Bürgerstiftung Hirschberg | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, a democratic political system, historic preservation, arts and culture, environment, nature and land conservation, and international understanding |
Bürgerstiftung Hof | To support elder care, public health, education and training, student assistance, a democratic political system, historic preservation, arts and culture, sport, animal welfare, traditional customs, environment, nature and land conservation,... |
Bürgerstiftung Hude | To support elder care, public health and welfare, education and training, student assistance, religion, sports, environment, nature and land conservation, and international understanding |
Bürgerstiftung im Landkreis Nienburg | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, environment, nature conservation, land management, international understanding and public welfare |
Bürgerstiftung Kehl | To support elder care, public welfare, education and training, student assistance, arts and culture, environment, nature and land conservation, international understanding, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Krefeld | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, sports, traditional customs, environment, nature and land conservation, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Kreis Ravensburg | To support elder care, public health, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, sports, traditional customs, environment, nature and land conservation, international understanding, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Laichinger Alb | To support elder care, public welfare, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, religion, crime prevention, arts and culture, sports, animal welfare, traditional customs, environment, nature and land conservation, international... |
Bürgerstiftung Lampertheim | To support elder care, public health and welfare, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, sports, environment, nature and land conservation, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Landkreis Günzburg | To support care of the elderly and disabled, education and training, student assistance, a democratic political system, historic preservation, public health, arts and culture, sports, traditional customs, environment, nature and... |
Bürgerstiftung Landkreis Saalfeld-Rudolstadt | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, civic engagement, historic preservation, arts and culture, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Landkreis Starnberg | To support care of the elderly and disabled, education and training, student assistance, disaster relief, crime prevention, arts and culture, sports, animal welfare, environment, land conservation, consumer advice, international understanding,... |
Bürgerstiftung Langen | To support education and training, sport, arts and culture, science and research, environment, nature and land conservation, youth, elder care and public health, international understanding, traditional customs, civic engagement and... |
Bürgerstiftung Lebendiges Bayerisches Ries | To support elder care, public health and welfare, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, religion, arts and culture, sport, animal welfare, environment, land conservation, science, research and other charitable... |
Bürgerstiftung Lebensraum Aachen | To support the elderly, public health, education and training, student assistance, a democratic political system, arts and culture, the environment, conservation and land management, international understanding, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Leinfelden-Echterdingen | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, arts and culture, sports, environment, land conservation, international understanding and other charitable purposes |
Bürgerstiftung Leutenbach | To encourage citizen involvement and support of youth and the elderly, public welfare and sports, arts and culture, environment and land conservation |
Bürgerstiftung Lichtenberg | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, civic engagement, arts and culture, and international understanding |
Bürgerstiftung Lörrach | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, environment, nature and land conservation, international understanding and other charitable purposes |
Bürgerstiftung Lüchow | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, environment, and nature and land conservation |
Bürgerstiftung Ludwigshafen | To strengthen the self-reliance of our citizens by supporting people so that they can help themselves and others. We focus on quality of life, education, sciences, culture, youth and the... |
Bürgerstiftung Mindelheim | To offer the citizens of Mindelheim the opportunity to support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, religion, arts and culture, sports, traditional customs, environment, nature and land... |
Bürgerstiftung Mittelhessen | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, religion, sports, animal welfare, environment, land conservation, international understanding, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Mühlacker | To support youth, family and the elderly, education, nature, environment, and arts and culture |
Bürgerstiftung München | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, a democratic political system, arts and culture, environment, nature and land conservation, consumer advice and protection, and other charitable purposes |
Bürgerstiftung Murrhardt | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, arts and culture, sport, environment, and nature and land conservation |
Bürgerstiftung Neuenkirchen-Vörden | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, sport, animal welfare, environment, land conservation and international understanding |
Bürgerstiftung Neukirchen-Vluyn | To support elder care, public health, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, traditional customs, environment, and nature and land conservation |
Bürgerstiftung Neukölln | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, arts and culture, environment, nature and land conservation, international understanding, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Norden | To support elder care, public health, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, religion, arts and culture, sports, traditional customs, environment, land conservation, international understanding, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Norderney | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, arts and culture, public health, sports, environment, nature and land conservation, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Oberndorf | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, civic engagement, arts and culture |
Bürgerstiftung Ostfalen | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, religion, arts and culture, sports, animal welfare, environment, land conservation, international understanding and other charitable purposes |
Bürgerstiftung Ostfildern | To support elder care, public health, education and training, student assistance, arts and culture, sports, environment, nature and land conservation, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Ostholstein | To support elder care, public health and welfare, education and training, student assistance, civic engagement, historic preservation, arts and culture, sports, environment, nature and land conservation, international understanding, science and... |
Bürgerstiftung Overath | To promote education, arts and culture, sport, international understanding and youth and elder care |
Bürgerstiftung Peine | To support elder care, public health, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, sports, traditional customs, environment, land conservation, international understanding, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Pfalz | To support care of the elderly and disabled, education and training, student assistance, arts and culture, environment, nature and land conservation, and international understanding |
Bürgerstiftung Rastatt | To promote and develop youth and elder care, education, environment and conservation, international understanding, arts and culture, and other charitable purposes |
Bürgerstiftung Ratzeburg | To support elder care, historic preservation, arts and culture, sports, animal welfare, environment and land conservation |
Bürgerstiftung Region Ahrensburg | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, civic engagement, historic preservation, arts and culture, public health, animal welfare, environment, land conservation, consumer advice and protection, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Region Bergen | To support care of the elderly and the disabled, education and training, student assistance, civic engagement, historic preservation, crime prevention, arts and culture, sports, traditional customs, environment, nature conservation and... |
Bürgerstiftung Region Rendsburg | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, arts and culture, environment, nature and land conservation, science, research and public welfare |
Bürgerstiftung Remscheid | To support the elderly, education and training, student assistance, arts and culture, the environment, nature and land conservation, international understanding, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Remseck | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, sports, environment, and nature and land conservation |
Bürgerstiftung Reutlingen | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, sports, traditional customs, environment, nature and land conservation, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Rheinfelden | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, civic engagement, historic preservation, arts and culture, environment, nature and land conservation, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Rheinstetten | To promote education, arts and culture, and the environment and to provide support for youth, the elderly, families and people with disabilities |
Bürgerstiftung Rietberg | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, a democratic political system, historic preservation, arts and culture, public health, sports, traditional customs, environment, nature and land conservation, and international... |
Bürgerstiftung Rösrath | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, traditional customs and international understanding |
Bürgerstiftung Rössing | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, a democratic political system, historic preservation, arts and culture, sports, traditional customs, environment, and nature and land conservation |
Bürgerstiftung Rostock | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, arts and culture, sport, environment, nature and land conservation, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Salzkotten | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, developmental cooperation, arts and culture, public health, sports, environment, nature and land conservation, international understanding, science, research and other... |
Bürgerstiftung Sauerlach | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, civic engagement, historic preservation, arts and culture, traditional customs, environment, and nature and land conservation |
Bürgerstiftung Schöneiche bei Berlin | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, sport, environment, nature and land conservation, and international understanding |
Bürgerstiftung Siegen | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, environment, nature and, land conservation, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Sindelfingen | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, public health, sports, environment, nature and land conservation, international understanding, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Stadt Selm | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, civic engagement, historic preservation, arts and culture, public health, sports, environment, nature and land conservation, international understanding, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Stormarn | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, civic engagement, historic preservation, arts and culture, public health and welfare, sports, environment, nature and land conservation, international understanding, science and... |
Bürgerstiftung Straubenhardt | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, public health, sports, environment, and nature and land conservation |
Bürgerstiftung Stuttgart | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, arts and culture, and other charitable endeavors |
Bürgerstiftung Südlohn-Oeding | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, religion, arts and culture, public health, sports, traditional customs, environment, nature and land conservation, and other charitable purposes |
Bürgerstiftung Sundern | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, sports, traditional customs, environment, nature and land conservation, and international understanding |
Bürgerstiftung Taunusstein | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, traditional customs, environment, nature and land conservation, international understanding and other charitable purposes |
Bürgerstiftung Titisee-Neustadt | To support elder care, education and training, and student assistance |
Bürgerstiftung Unser Schwabach | To support elder care, historic preservation, disaster relief, crime prevention, arts and culture, medicine, sports, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Vechta | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, sports, traditional customs, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Versmold | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, a democratic political system, historic preservation, arts and culture, public health, sports, environment, nature and land conservation, and international understanding |
Bürgerstiftung Viernheim | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, a democratic political system, historic preservation, arts and culture, public health, sports, traditional customs, environment, and nature and land conservation |
Bürgerstiftung Vorpommern | To raise funds to support youth and the elderly, education, a democratic state, arts and culture, environment and conservation, public health and social care, and sports |
Bürgerstiftung Vreden | To promote charitable projects in the areas of education, religion, youth, families and the elderly, culture, arts and heritage, environment, traditional customs, health, sports and recreation, and the whole community |
BürgerStiftung Waldenbuch | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, civic engagement, arts and culture, sports, environment, nature and land conservation, and international understanding |
Bürgerstiftung Wallenhorst | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, public health, sports, traditional customs, environment, nature and land conservation, international understanding, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Warburg | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, public health, sports, traditional customs, environment, nature and land conservation, international understanding, science and research |
Bürgerstiftung Wasserburg | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, a democratic political system, historic preservation, arts and culture, public health and welfare, sports, traditional customs, environment, and nature and... |
Bürgerstiftung Weinstadt | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, civic engagement and historic preservation |
Bürgerstiftung Werra-Meißner | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, environment, nature and land conservation, and international understanding |
Bürgerstiftung Westmünsterland | To provide aid in education, youth and elderly care, culture, arts and heritage, environment and home care |
Bürgerstiftung Wetzlar | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, a democratic political system, historic preservation, arts and culture, sports, traditional customs, environment, nature and land conservation, international understanding, science and... |
Bürgerstiftung Windhagen | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, civic engagement, a democratic political system, historic preservation, arts and culture, public health, sports, traditional customs, environment, and nature and... |
Bürgerstiftung Wir für Meerbusch | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, a democratic political system, historic preservation, arts and culture, public health, sports, traditional customs, environment, and nature and land conservation |
Bürgerstiftung Wismar | To support elder care, civic engagement, a democratic political system, family and marriage, disaster relief, crime prevention, arts and culture, public health, sports and animal welfare |
Bürgerstiftung Würzburg und Umgebung | To promote civic engagement, especially in the areas of education, arts and culture, nature, environmental and heritage protection, youth and the elderly, and public health and welfare |
Bürgerstiftung Zivita | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, a democratic political system, historic preservation, arts and culture, public health and welfare, religion, sports, animal welfare, traditional customs, environment, nature... |
BürgerStiftungLohmar | To support education, arts and culture, traditional customs and the idea of home, understanding, sports, the environment and nature, animal welfare, conservation, youth services, the elderly and welfare |
Delmenhorster Bürgerstiftung | To support elder care, education and training, arts and culture, public health, sports, environment, conservation, land management and international understanding |
Die Wiesbaden Stiftung | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, public health, sports, traditional customs, environment, nature and land conservation, international understanding, science and research |
Fundação ADFP - Assistência, Desenvolvimento e Formação Profissional | ADFP is a nonprofit social institution, with recognition of Public Utility, founded in 1987. It has about 2800 “friends”, about 3400 regular users and integrates approximately 390 residents with different... |
Greater Lynchburg Community Trust | To enhance the quality of life in the communities served by establishment of permanent endowments for the cities of Lynchburg and Bedford and the counties of Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford and... |
Heilbronner Bürgerstiftung | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, public health and welfare, sports, environment, nature and land conservation, international understanding, science and research |
Hohenstaufenstiftung-Bürgerstiftung Landkreis Göppingen | To support science and research, education, arts and culture, religion, international understanding, environment, youth and elderly care, and public health and welfare |
Hüfinger Bürgerstiftung | To promote an atmosphere of togetherness and develop the areas of children and youth, education, elder care, sports, health, environment, arts, culture and heritage |
Juist-Stiftung | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, public health and welfare, religion, sports, environment, land conservation, international understanding, science and research |
KoblenzerBürgerStiftung | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, a democratic political system, historic preservation, arts and culture, public health and welfare, plant breeding, gardening, religion, sports, animal welfare, traditional... |
Lohner Bürgerstiftung | To provide aid in the areas of education and training, integration and intercultural relations, youth, family and the elderly, culture and heritage, charitable projects, sports, animal welfare and understanding |
Mainzer Bürgerstiftung | To support historical preservation, youth and the elderly, health and welfare services, arts and culture, science and research, and education |
Marienheider Bürgerstiftung | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, public health and welfare, sports, traditional customs, environment, land conservation, international understanding, science and research |
New Mexico Community Foundation | Giving primarily to build community resources and relationships, with special emphasis on rural communities and issues important to communities, such as water, kids, health, families, elderly, education, hardship and livelihoods |
North Dakota Community Foundation | To improve the quality of life for North Dakota’s citizens through charitable giving and promoting philanthropy. Unrestricted funds are used largely for aid to the elderly and disadvantaged; support is... |
Oldenburgische Bürgerstiftung | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, public health, environment and land conservation |
Parchimer Bürgerstiftung | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, arts and culture, sport, environment, nature and land conservation, and international understanding |
Porzer Bürgerstiftung | To support the care of elders, children and orphans, as well as science and research |
Stadt Stiftung Bad Lippspringe | To support elder care, education and training, student assistance, historic preservation, arts and culture, public health and welfare, sports, environment, nature and land conservation, and international understanding |